Impossibility, Impracticability, and Frustration

doctrine of frustration of contract in english, american and iranian law (comparative study)

“pacta sunt servanda” is one of the most fundamental principles in the common law and iranian legal systems, which have been exposed to exceptions in the process of time. these exceptions are part of general doctrine of frustration. iranians exceptions to this rule are named as “ta`azzor” and “ta`assor” rules. doctrine of frustration in common law includes three subdivision theories: “impossibi...

Progress, frustration and controversy.

Frustration, function and folding.

Natural protein molecules are exceptional polymers. Encoded in apparently random strings of amino-acids, these objects perform clear physical tasks that are rare to find by simple chance. Accurate folding, specific binding, powerful catalysis, are examples of basic chemical activities that the great majority of polypeptides do not display, and are thought to be the outcome of the natural histor...

Need Frustration and Vulnerability

Geometrical Frustration

© 2006 American Institute of Physics, S-0031-9228-0602-010-2 T ancient Greeks were aware of the phenomenon of magnetic order in lodestone, a type of rock containing the ferromagnet magnetite Fe3O4. Magnetic moments in a ferromagnet tend to align and thereby sum to an easily observed macroscopic magnetic moment. The absence of such a moment even in ordered antiferromagnets is the reason their di...